How Do You Make A Ham Sweet

SOMETHING ON FLAT SCREENS: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER WIRELESS PHONE

Before we define some basic concepts.

electric current, voltage and signals

What is electric current ? For example: For a person can walk, run, move requires energy and takes the energy from food.

This same energy is found in household appliances to operate, therefore, in terms of physical known as electricity and turn a load power is the amount of energy or electricity that pose a body (things, objects, people) there are two types of electric charges positive and negative.

unequal charges (+ and -) attract. Like charges (+ and +), or (- and -) are rejected. To create a power , it takes a positive charge at one end and a negative charge on the other.

As you can see in the picture there is movement of energy or electricity a positive charge to a negative charge, the amount of energy that passes or flows through these two points is power.

To create and maintain power, they must be two essential conditions:

1. there be a device that generates energy. Battery, battery, power supply, etc.

source symbol

2. That there is a path, without interruption, which circle the electricity. In this road is called driver. For example a cable.

Fig.1.1 Electric circuit

addition to these two essential conditions, in most cases, there is an element called receptor (focus, television, radio, computer), which is the energy it receives and uses this energy to achieve the effect expectation: light, heat, running a machine, etc.

For example:

We have a battery (it would be our generator) the driver would be the power cables leading to the receiver would be a focus. (television, radio, computer, washing machine).

This whole set is called circuit (generator, driver and receiver). If conductor (cable) remain attached to the generator and receiver , is said to be a closed circuit . Where the energy travels from the positive charge to negative. Fig1.1

In contrast, when a section of conductor (cable) is interrupted, For example: if we have connected the TV and cut the power cable does not pass to the TV. As there is no connection between the generator and receiver, the energy can not move around the circuit and therefore do not set the power. In this case, is said to be an open circuit .

Open circuit

voltage, voltage or potential difference

What is voltage?

voltage, voltage or potential difference is the pressure applied by a power generator (battery, battery) on the electric charges (the amount of energy possessed by a body) in a closed circuit , to establish the flow of electrical current.

The more pressure exerted by a generator of electrical charges contained in a conductor, the higher the voltage or voltage in the circuit that corresponds to that driver. As So is the boost it needs an electrical charge or energy can flow through the conductor of an electrical circuit closed

For example, some voltage batteries are 1.5v, 5v, plug in the house is 127v. Generators usually contain a voltage and used to power devices or appliances that value of voltage.

Signal

A signal is a symbol, a gesture or a kind of indication that informs or warns something. Signals normally found everywhere such as on the avenues that indicate which direction to take, streets to find out what street we are, schools, hand signals, flares, etc.

Likewise, a signal can be also the variation of electric current, voltage used to transmit information. As can be seen in the following electronic images can represent the current electrical voltage and with graphics where watching will vary the voltage or current at a certain time. This representation is called a signal.

already known a little about the basics, consider it an amplifier.

What is an amplifier ? Circuits are used to increase (amplify) an input signal is usually very small and get to the much higher output signal. The following figure shows an amplifier.

This device is powered by a power source ó generador y por lo tanto no se pueden obtener voltajes en su salida mucho mayores a este valor de la fuente. Por ejemplo: si se alimenta con una fuente de 15v , la salida no debe sobrepasar estos 15v. Los amplificadores se pueden crear con amplificadores operacionales, tubos o válvulas electrónicas, etc.

Podemos dar algunas definiciones importantes sobre el uso de amplificadores una de ellas es:

GANANCIA VOLTAGE ( D v)

usually gain is the relationship between output voltage and input voltage

is the ratio between input and output voltage

gain Symbol _{Δ V = V} salt. / V ent.

Example: If an amplifier has an input of 0.5 V and 50 V output, the gain is: ΔV = 50 / 0.5 = 100.

This means that its value increased 100 times 50v 0.5VA of

Operational amplifier

Call op-amp also comes in an integrated circuit

is a small device or chip where s leg that contains the chip also called terminals, each terminal performs a function.

is much smaller and lower cost, as energy consumption. Contains two inputs and one output.

terminals are

• V +: non-inverting input (the output is positive or the same as the input)
• V-: inverting input ( output signal is inverted)
• VOUT: output voltage
• VS +: positive power
• VS-: negative power

Note: V + and V-are inputs to drive a voltage signal.

some important features are presented on this electronic device:

1. High gain
2. very high input impedance (1M W) Low impedance
3. output (8 to 20 W )

electrical impedance or resistance is one that does not allow passage of electrical current in a circuit is represented in numerical quantity known as ohms.

Gain

gain operational amplifier is given by the same formula above.

gain Symbol _{Δ V = V} salt. / V ent.

CONFIGURATIONS

can use different settings for the use of amplifiers.

FILTERS

We may also use operational amplifiers and filters to make the following representations.

The bandpass filter is a combination of the two previous filters and as a result gives us a bandpass filter

Note This issue is based solely on the basis of operational amplifiers for more information on filters see electronic bibliography.

Other applications with operational amplifiers is the use of oscillators, current-voltage converters.

APPLICATION

There are a variety of applications of operational amplifiers and analog calculators, audio equalizers, filters, regulators, audio and video buffers.

This voltmeter measures voltage between 0 and 12V using 12 LEDs (light bulbs are small) so that each lit LED representing one volt. The scheme I designed it:

voltmeter is an instrument that measures the amount of voltage in an electrical circuit is

Bibliography

• Boylestad Nashelsky, Electronics: Circuit Theory and Electronic Devices, Pearson Publishing, Operational Amplifiers. P. 675-733. Electronic Notes linear
• Serway Beichner, Physics for science and engineering Volume 2, Editorial Mc Graw Hill, p. 768-789 Electrical Potential, Current and Resistance p. 840-856

Author:

COLIN DAVID DEL RIO